NEWEST TERMS as of 1/28/03
Bauhaus – A style of architecture that
reflected the push towards functionalism and industrial design. A German design
school (1919-33) promoted this style of modernist architecture and design. It
was closed by the Nazis in 1933. The New Bauhaus opened in Chicago in 1937.
Brutalism
– This style
began in England in 1954 coined to characterize the style of Le Corbusier and
others who were inspired by such buildings. Brutalism nearly always used concrete exposed at it roughest
and handled with overemphais on big chunky member which collide ruthlessly. The
old Oregon Historical Society Building on the park blocks in Portland, Oregon
is an example of Brutalist architecture.
casement – A window frame that opens on
vertical hinges. A casement window contains two such vertical-hinged windows,
separated by a mullion.
rafter – An inclined timber which forms
the side of a roof, to which the roof covering is attached.
NEWEST TERMS as of 2/17/03
intonaco - is the old Italian name applied to
the last mortar layer upon which a fresco painting is made. The kind of surface
finishing the intonaco should have is a matter of personal taste and often
involves the use particular types of plastering materials and troweling techniques
such as a marble dust intonaco - a dry marble dust is sifted
through a 34 mesh or finer sift and then is miexed with 5 parts lime and 7
parts marble dust, or a sand intonaco - which is made up from finely
sifted banksand (about 7 parts to 5 parts of lime.
fresco - a method of mural painting where the painting
is painted on semi wet plaster and dries as a permanent part of the wall.
Much preparation of the wall surface and time tested techniques are used for
this type of painting.
furring walls - "Furring Out, " means setting
off a new wall in front of one already built. This provides for dead air space
the extra protection of the surface of the ":furred out" wall. The
water proofing of the the builidng wall and the air space left between is
a good guarantee against destruction due to moisture. Furred out panels can
be emplyed by the fresco painter to great advantage giving her a practical
and perfectly safe wall to work on if certain precautions are taken to ensure
a stable and strong surface.
NEWEST TERMS as of 2/25/03
lime for fresco- Only the high calcium
lime is used in the preparation of mortar for fresco painting. It is sold
in bulk and called "lumplime or powdered lime" in containers or
paper bags.Hydrated lime is useless for fresco painting. It contains magnesia
which takes forever to "slake". The best lime is pure-white, an
important factore in fresco painting because of its transparaency and its
ability of bleaching to a snowy white, the reflecting surface under the colors.
Lime is a transparent product that appears opaque when freshly painted out
and rath dull looking at first. After having dried and hardened for over a
year, the painting, because of the lime's bleaching ability, beomces drawn
together in tonality, with beautifully transparent depths and clear lustre
in the lights. Years of continued carbonization will gradually give depth
and richness in tone to the colors.
slaked lime - A white powder obtained
by exposing lime to moistened air or by putting water on lime to produce calcium
hydroxide. Plaster contains slaked lime and sand.
secco - A painting technique similar
but frendlier than fresco painting. Painting in secco is done in combination
with a lime wash over a well floated sand finished lime-sand plastering. Tools
and materials are the same as those used in fresco painting. The most important
addition to the tols is a lime wash brush. This type of brush must be made
from the highest quality 5" long grey bristle securely set in the handle.
Only the best grades of such brushes will render satisfactory service in preparing
the surface for successful secco painting.
gilding -The laying of gold and
silver over parts of fresco or secco painting.
NEWEST TERMS as of 4/19/03
imbrication - a pattern or design resembling the regular
overlapping of tiles or shingles.
meander
-a running
ornament consisting of an intricate variety of Greek fretwork.
guilloche - an ornamental border formed
of two or more interlaced bands around a series of circular voids.
palmette
- A stylized palm leaf shape used as a decorative element in classsical
art and architecture.
NEWEST TERMS as of 3/25/04
fretwork spandrels -
were made with intricate cutwork, skillfully joined with Ball & Dowel
or Spindle sections. The lacy scrollwork was first handcut, one piece
at a time. Then, Ball & Dowel or Spindle sections were combined with
this cutwork to create just the length required. Installed in positions
of importance. See examples of Victorian fretwork spandrels below:
:
NEWEST TERMS as of 3/30/04
fan spandrels -
see below
Newest terms as of March 14, 2005
blind archade - an arcade having
no actual openings, applied as decoration to a wall surface.
arcuated - arch shaped
ambulatory - acovered walkway,
outdoors (as in a church cloister) or indoors; especially the passageway around
the apse and the choir of a church. In Buddhist architecture, the passageway
leading around the stupa in a chaitya hall.
apse - a recess, usually semicircular, in the
wall of a Roman basilica or at the east end of a church.
choir - the space reserved for the clergy and
singers in the church, usually east of the transept but, in some instances,
extending into the nave.
transept - the part of of a church with an axis
that crosses the nave at a right angle.
nave - the central area of an ancient Roman basilica
or of a church, demarcated from aisles by piers or columns.
aisles - the portion of a basiclica flanking
the nave and separated from it by a row of columns or piers.
arcade - a series of arches supported by piers
or columns.
archivolt - the continuous molding framing an
arch. In Romanesque or Gothic architecture, one of the series of concentric
bands framing the tympanum.
tympanum - the space enclosed by a lintel and
an arch over a doorway.
triumphal arch - in Roman architecture, a freestanding
arch commemorating an important event, sucah as a military viscroy or the
opening of a new road. In Christian architecture, the arch framing the apse
at the end of a church nave.
trumeau - in church architecture, the pillar
or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of the doorway.
Newest terms as of December 2007
quonset - a half-cylinder on the ground that is covered with corrugated metal. The frame of the original 16 x 36 foot Quonset was curved steel T-ribs, its floor tongue-and-groove and its exterior galvanized. Subsequent design revisions included flat welded ribs 2 x 3 5/8 inch, lighter plywood flooring, and a less-visible olive-drab exterior. The standard size came to be 30 x 48 feet plus 4 foot overhangs on each end. Fuller produced more than 153,000 Quonsets for the Navy.In 1941 the United States Navy considered options for housing men and operations in far-flung stations. The George A. Fuller construction company, at its facility near Quonset Point, Rhode Island, produced the Quonset for the navy.
acroteria - plinths for statues or ornaments placed at the apex and ends of a pediment: also, more loosely, both the plints and what stands on them.
antefixae - Ornamental blocks on the edge of a roof to conceal the ends of the tiles.
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